tolaria/docs/ABSTRACTIONS.md

Abstractions

Key abstractions and domain models in Laputa.

Design Philosophy

Laputa's abstractions follow the convention over configuration principle: standard field names and folder structures have well-defined meanings and trigger UI behavior automatically. This makes vaults legible both to humans and to AI agents — the more a vault follows conventions, the less custom configuration an AI needs to navigate it correctly.

The full set of design principles is documented in ARCHITECTURE.md.

Semantic Field Names (conventions)

These frontmatter field names have special meaning in Laputa's UI:

Field	Meaning	UI behavior
title:	Human-readable title (synced with filename)	Tab label, breadcrumb, sidebar. Filename = slugify(title).md
type:	Entity type (Project, Person, Quarter…)	Type chip in note list + sidebar grouping
status:	Lifecycle stage (active, done, blocked…)	Colored chip in note list + editor header
url:	External link	Clickable link chip in editor header
date:	Single date	Formatted date badge
start_date: + end_date:	Duration/timespan	Date range badge
goal: + result:	Progress	Progress indicator in editor header
Workspace:	Vault context filter	Global workspace filter
Belongs to:	Parent relationship	Relationship chip in Properties panel
Related to:	Lateral relationship	Relationship chip in Properties panel

The list of default-shown relationships and semantic property rendering rules can be customized via config/relations.md and config/semantic-properties.md in the vault.

Document Model

All data lives in markdown files with YAML frontmatter. There is no database — the filesystem is the source of truth.

VaultEntry

The core data type representing a single note, defined in Rust (src-tauri/src/vault/mod.rs) and TypeScript (src/types.ts).

classDiagram
    class VaultEntry {
        +String path
        +String filename
        +String title
        +String? isA
        +String[] aliases
        +String[] belongsTo
        +String[] relatedTo
        +Record~string,string[]~ relationships
        +String[] outgoingLinks
        +String? status
        +String? owner
        +Number? modifiedAt
        +Number? createdAt
        +Number wordCount
        +String? snippet
        +Boolean archived
        +Boolean trashed
        +Number? trashedAt
        +Record~string,string~ properties
    }

    class TypeDocument {
        +String icon
        +String color
        +Number order
        +String sidebarLabel
        +String template
        +String sort
        +Boolean visible
    }

    class Frontmatter {
        +String type
        +String status
        +String url
        +String[] belongsTo
        +String[] relatedTo
        +String[] aliases
        ...custom fields
    }

    VaultEntry --> Frontmatter : parsed from
    VaultEntry --> TypeDocument : isA resolves to
    VaultEntry "many" --> "1" TypeDocument : grouped by type

// src/types.ts
interface VaultEntry {
  path: string              // Absolute file path
  filename: string          // Just the filename
  title: string             // From first # heading, or filename fallback
  isA: string | null        // Entity type: Project, Procedure, Person, etc. (from frontmatter `type:` field)
  aliases: string[]         // Alternative names for wikilink resolution
  belongsTo: string[]       // Parent relationships (wikilinks)
  relatedTo: string[]       // Related entity links (wikilinks)
  relationships: Record<string, string[]>  // All frontmatter fields containing wikilinks
  outgoingLinks: string[]   // All [[wikilinks]] found in note body
  status: string | null     // Active, Done, Paused, Archived, Dropped
  owner: string | null      // Person responsible
  cadence: string | null    // Update frequency: Weekly, Monthly, etc.
  modifiedAt: number | null // Unix timestamp (seconds)
  createdAt: number | null  // Unix timestamp (seconds)
  fileSize: number
  wordCount: number | null  // Body word count (excludes frontmatter)
  snippet: string | null    // First 200 chars of body
  archived: boolean         // Archived flag
  trashed: boolean          // Trashed flag
  trashedAt: number | null  // When trashed (for auto-purge)
  properties: Record<string, string>  // Scalar frontmatter fields (custom properties)
}

Entity Types (isA / type)

Entity type is stored in the type: frontmatter field (e.g. type: Quarter). The legacy field name Is A: is still accepted as an alias for backwards compatibility but new notes use type:. The VaultEntry.isA property in TypeScript/Rust holds the resolved value.

Type is determined purely from the type: frontmatter field — it is never inferred from the file's folder location. All notes live at the vault root as flat .md files:

~/Laputa/
├── my-project.md          ← type: Project (in frontmatter)
├── weekly-review.md       ← type: Procedure
├── john-doe.md            ← type: Person
├── some-topic.md          ← type: Topic
├── ...
├── type/                  ← type definition documents
├── config/                ← meta-configuration files (agents.md, etc.)
└── theme/                 ← vault-based themes (legacy location)

New notes are created at the vault root: {vault}/{slug}.md. Changing a note's type only requires updating the type: field in frontmatter — the file does not move. The type/ folder exists solely for type definition documents, and config/ for configuration files.

A flatten_vault migration command is available to move existing notes from type-based subfolders to the vault root.

Types as Files

Each entity type can have a corresponding type document in the type/ folder (e.g., type/project.md, type/person.md). Type documents:

• Have type: Type in their frontmatter (Is A: Type also accepted as legacy alias)
• Define type metadata: icon, color, order, sidebar label, template, sort, view, visibility
• Are navigable entities — they appear in the sidebar under "Types" and can be opened/edited like any note
• Serve as the "definition" for their type category

Type document properties (read by Rust and used in the UI):

Property	Type	Description
icon	string	Phosphor icon name (kebab-case, e.g., "cooking-pot")
color	string	Accent color: red, purple, blue, green, yellow, orange
order	number	Sidebar display order (lower = higher priority)
sidebar_label	string	Custom label overriding auto-pluralization
template	string	Markdown template for new notes of this type
sort	string	Default sort: "modified:desc", "title:asc", "property:Priority:asc"
view	string	Default view mode: "all", "editor-list", "editor-only"
visible	bool	Whether type appears in sidebar (default: true)

Type relationship: When any entry has an isA value (e.g., "Project"), the Rust backend automatically adds a "Type" entry to its relationships map pointing to [[type/project]]. This makes the type navigable from the Inspector panel.

UI behavior:

• Clicking a section group header pins the type document at the top of the NoteList if it exists
• Viewing a type document in entity view shows an "Instances" group listing all entries of that type
• The Type field in the Inspector is rendered as a clickable chip that navigates to the type document

Frontmatter Format

Standard YAML frontmatter between --- delimiters:

---
title: Write Weekly Essays
is_a: Procedure
status: Active
owner: Luca Rossi
cadence: Weekly
belongs_to:
  - "[[grow-newsletter]]"
related_to:
  - "[[writing]]"
aliases:
  - Weekly Writing
---

Supported value types (defined in src-tauri/src/frontmatter/yaml.rs as FrontmatterValue):

• String: status: Active
• Number: priority: 5
• Bool: archived: true
• List: Multi-line - item or inline [item1, item2]
• Null: owner: (empty value)

Custom Relationships

The Rust parser scans all frontmatter keys for fields containing [[wikilinks]]. Any non-standard field with wikilink values is captured in the relationships HashMap:

---
Topics:
  - "[[writing]]"
  - "[[productivity]]"
Key People:
  - "[[matteo-cellini]]"
---

Becomes: relationships["Topics"] = ["[[writing]]", "[[productivity]]"]

This enables arbitrary, extensible relationship types without code changes.

Outgoing Links

All [[wikilinks]] in the note body (not frontmatter) are extracted by regex and stored in outgoingLinks. Used for backlink detection and relationship graphs.

Title / Filename Sync

Every note has a title field in frontmatter that stores the human-readable title. The filename is always the slug of the title (slugify(title).md). The two are kept in sync:

• Source of truth: filename (on open), user input (on rename inside Laputa)
• extract_title reads title from frontmatter; falls back to deriving a title from the filename via slug_to_title() (hyphens → spaces, title-case). Never reads from H1. Logic in vault/parsing.rs.
• On note open (sync_title_on_open): if title frontmatter is absent or desynced from the filename, it is auto-corrected (filename wins). Logic in vault/title_sync.rs.
• On rename (rename_note): updates both title frontmatter and filename atomically, plus wikilinks across the vault. Always writes title to frontmatter.

Title Field (UI)

The editor displays a dedicated TitleField component above the BlockNote editor. This is the primary title editing surface — the H1 block inside BlockNote is hidden via CSS. Changing the title field triggers onTitleSync, which updates the frontmatter title: field and renames the file to match slugify(title).md. The title field also responds to laputa:focus-editor events with selectTitle: true for new note creation.

Sidebar Selection

Navigation state is modeled as a discriminated union:

type SidebarFilter = 'all' | 'archived' | 'trash' | 'changes' | 'pulse'

type SidebarSelection =
  | { kind: 'filter'; filter: SidebarFilter }
  | { kind: 'sectionGroup'; type: string }    // e.g. type: 'Project'
  | { kind: 'entity'; entry: VaultEntry }      // specific entity selected
  | { kind: 'topic'; entry: VaultEntry }        // topic selected

File System Integration

Vault Scanning (Rust)

vault::scan_vault(path) in src-tauri/src/vault/mod.rs:

1. Validates the path exists and is a directory
2. Scans root-level .md files (non-recursive)
3. Recursively scans protected folders: type/, config/, attachments/, _themes/, theme/
4. Files in non-protected subfolders are not indexed (flat vault enforcement)
5. For each .md file, calls parse_md_file():
   • Reads content with fs::read_to_string()
   • Parses frontmatter with gray_matter::Matter::<YAML>
   • Extracts title from first # heading
   • Reads entity type from type: frontmatter field (Is A: accepted as legacy alias); type is never inferred from folder
   • Parses dates as ISO 8601 to Unix timestamps
   • Extracts relationships, outgoing links, custom properties, word count, snippet
6. Sorts by modified_at descending
7. Skips unparseable files with a warning log

A vault_health_check command detects stray files in non-protected subfolders and filename-title mismatches. On vault load, a migration banner offers to flatten stray files to the root via flatten_vault.

Vault Caching

vault::scan_vault_cached(path) wraps scanning with git-based caching:

1. Reads cache from ~/.laputa/cache/<vault-hash>.json (external to vault)
2. Compares cache version, vault path, and git HEAD commit hash
3. If cache is valid and same commit → only re-parse uncommitted changed files
4. If different commit → use git diff to find changed files → selective re-parse
5. If no cache → full scan
6. Writes updated cache atomically (write to .tmp, then rename)
7. On first run, migrates any legacy .laputa-cache.json from inside the vault

Frontmatter Manipulation (Rust)

frontmatter/ops.rs:update_frontmatter_content() performs line-by-line YAML editing:

1. Finds the frontmatter block between --- delimiters
2. Iterates through lines looking for the target key
3. If found: replaces the value (consuming multi-line list items if present)
4. If not found: appends the new key-value at the end
5. If no frontmatter exists: creates a new --- block

The with_frontmatter() helper wraps this in a read-transform-write cycle on the actual file.

Content Loading

• Tauri mode: Content loaded on-demand when a tab is opened via invoke('get_note_content', { path })
• Browser mode: All content loaded at startup from mock data
• Content for backlink detection (allContent) is stored in memory as Record<string, string>

Git Integration

Git operations live in src-tauri/src/git/. All operations shell out to the git CLI (not libgit2).

Data Types

interface GitCommit {
  hash: string
  shortHash: string
  message: string
  author: string
  date: number       // Unix timestamp
}

interface ModifiedFile {
  path: string          // Absolute path
  relativePath: string  // Relative to vault root
  status: 'modified' | 'added' | 'deleted' | 'untracked' | 'renamed'
}

interface PulseCommit {
  hash: string
  shortHash: string
  message: string
  date: number
  githubUrl: string | null
  files: PulseFile[]
  added: number
  modified: number
  deleted: number
}

Operations

Module	Operation	Notes
history.rs	File history	git log — last 20 commits per file
status.rs	Modified files	git status --porcelain — filtered to .md
status.rs	File diff	git diff, fallback to --cached, then synthetic for untracked
commit.rs	Commit	git add -A && git commit -m "..."
remote.rs	Pull / Push	git pull --rebase / git push
conflict.rs	Conflict resolution	Detect conflicts, resolve with ours/theirs/manual
pulse.rs	Activity feed	git log with --name-status for file changes

Auto-Sync

useAutoSync hook handles automatic git sync:

• Configurable interval (from app settings: auto_pull_interval_minutes)
• Pulls on interval, pushes after commits
• Detects merge conflicts → opens ConflictResolverModal

Frontend Integration

• Modified file badges: Orange dots in sidebar and tab bar
• Diff view: Toggle in breadcrumb bar → shows unified diff
• Git history: Shown in Inspector panel for active note
• Commit dialog: Triggered from sidebar or Cmd+K
• Pulse view: Activity feed when Pulse filter is selected

BlockNote Customization

The editor uses BlockNote for rich text editing, with CodeMirror 6 available as a raw editing alternative.

Custom Wikilink Inline Content

Defined in src/components/editorSchema.tsx:

const WikiLink = createReactInlineContentSpec(
  {
    type: "wikilink",
    propSchema: { target: { default: "" } },
    content: "none",
  },
  { render: (props) => <span className="wikilink">...</span> }
)

Markdown-to-BlockNote Pipeline

flowchart LR
    A["📄 Raw markdown\n(from disk)"] --> B["splitFrontmatter()\n→ yaml + body"]
    B --> C["preProcessWikilinks(body)\n[[target]] → ‹token›"]
    C --> D["tryParseMarkdownToBlocks()\n→ BlockNote block tree"]
    D --> E["injectWikilinks(blocks)\n‹token› → WikiLink node"]
    E --> F["editor.replaceBlocks()\n→ rendered editor"]

    style A fill:#f8f9fa,stroke:#6c757d,color:#000
    style F fill:#d4edda,stroke:#28a745,color:#000

Placeholder tokens use \u2039 and \u203A to avoid colliding with markdown syntax.

BlockNote-to-Markdown Pipeline (Save)

flowchart LR
    A["✏️ BlockNote blocks\n(editor state)"] --> B["blocksToMarkdownLossy()"]
    B --> C["postProcessWikilinks()\nWikiLink node → [[target]]"]
    C --> D["prepend frontmatter yaml"]
    D --> E["invoke('save_note_content')\n→ disk write"]

    style A fill:#cce5ff,stroke:#004085,color:#000
    style E fill:#d4edda,stroke:#28a745,color:#000

Wikilink Navigation

Two navigation mechanisms:

1. Click handler: DOM event listener on .editor__blocknote-container catches clicks on .wikilink elements → onNavigateWikilink(target).
2. Suggestion menu: Typing [[ triggers SuggestionMenuController with filtered vault entries.

Wikilink resolution (resolveEntry in src/utils/wikilink.ts) uses multi-pass matching with global priority: filename stem (strongest) → alias → exact title → humanized title (kebab-case → words). No path-based matching — flat vault uses title/filename only. Legacy path-style targets like [[person/alice]] are supported by extracting the last segment.

Raw Editor Mode

Toggle via Cmd+K → "Raw Editor" or breadcrumb bar button. Uses CodeMirror 6 (useCodeMirror hook) to edit the raw markdown + frontmatter directly. Changes saved via the same save_note_content command.

Theme System

See THEMING.md for the full theme system documentation.

Overview

Two-layer theming:

1. Global CSS variables (src/index.css): App-wide colors via :root, bridged to Tailwind v4
2. Editor theme (src/theme.json): BlockNote typography, flattened to CSS vars by useEditorTheme

Vault-Based Themes

Themes are markdown notes in theme/ with type: Theme frontmatter. Each property becomes a CSS variable with -- prefix.

---
type: Theme
Description: Light theme with warm, paper-like tones
background: "#FFFFFF"
foreground: "#37352F"
accent-blue: "#155DFF"
editor-font-size: 16
editor-line-height: 1.5
---

ThemeManager

useThemeManager hook manages the theme lifecycle:

interface ThemeManager {
  themes: ThemeFile[]
  activeThemeId: string | null
  activeTheme: ThemeFile | null
  isDark: boolean
  switchTheme(themeId: string): Promise<void>
  createTheme(name?: string): Promise<string>
  reloadThemes(): Promise<void>
  updateThemeProperty(key: string, value: string): Promise<void>
}

• Detects dark backgrounds via luminance calculation → sets color-scheme and data-theme-mode
• Live preview: re-applies when active theme note is saved
• Three built-in themes: Default (light), Dark (deep navy), Minimal (high contrast)
• Legacy JSON themes (_themes/*.json) supported for backward compatibility

Theme Property Editor

ThemePropertyEditor component provides an interactive UI for editing theme properties. Uses themeSchema.ts to determine input types (color picker, number slider, text field) based on property names and values.

Inspector Abstraction

The Inspector panel (src/components/Inspector.tsx) is composed of sub-panels:

1. DynamicPropertiesPanel (src/components/DynamicPropertiesPanel.tsx): Renders frontmatter as editable key-value pairs:

   • Editable properties (top): Type badge, Status pill with dropdown, boolean toggles, array tag pills, text fields. Click-to-edit interaction.
   • Info section (bottom, separated by border): Read-only derived metadata — Modified, Created, Words, File Size. Uses muted styling with no interaction.
   • Keys in SKIP_KEYS (type, aliases, notion_id, workspace, is_a, Is A) are hidden from the editable section.

2. RelationshipsPanel: Shows belongs_to, related_to, and all custom relationship fields as clickable wikilink chips.

3. BacklinksPanel: Scans allContent for notes that reference the current note via [[title]] or [[path]].

4. GitHistoryPanel: Shows recent commits from file history with relative timestamps.

Closed Tab History

useClosedTabHistory hook (src/hooks/useClosedTabHistory.ts) provides a LIFO stack for closed tab entries, used by useTabManagement to support Cmd+Shift+T reopen. Each entry stores the note's path, tab index, and full VaultEntry. The stack is in-memory only (resets on restart), capped at 20 entries, and deduplicates by path.

Search & Indexing

Search Modes

type SearchMode = 'keyword' | 'semantic' | 'hybrid'

interface SearchResult {
  title: string
  path: string
  snippet: string
  score: number
}

interface SearchResponse {
  results: SearchResult[]
  elapsedMs: number
}

Search Integration

SearchPanel component provides the search UI:

• Mode selector (keyword/semantic/hybrid)
• Real-time results as user types
• Click result to open note in editor
• Shows relevance score and snippet

Indexing

Managed by useIndexing hook:

• Checks index status on vault load
• Two-phase indexing: scanning (parse files) → embedding (generate vectors)
• Progress streamed via Tauri events
• Incremental updates after git sync
• Metadata persisted in .laputa-index.json

Vault Management

Vault Switching

useVaultSwitcher hook manages multiple vaults:

• Persists vault list to ~/.config/com.laputa.app/vaults.json
• Switching closes all tabs and resets sidebar
• Supports adding, removing, hiding/restoring vaults
• Default vault: Getting Started demo vault

Vault Config

Per-vault settings stored in config/ui.config.md:

• Editable as a normal note (YAML frontmatter)
• Managed by useVaultConfig hook and vaultConfigStore
• Settings: zoom, view mode, tag colors, status colors, property display modes
• One-time migration from localStorage (configMigration.ts)

Getting Started / Onboarding

useOnboarding hook detects first launch:

• If vault path doesn't exist → show WelcomeScreen
• User can create Getting Started vault or open existing folder
• Welcome state tracked in localStorage (laputa_welcome_dismissed)

GitHub Integration

Device Authorization Flow for GitHub-backed vaults:

• GitHubDeviceFlow component handles OAuth
• GitHubVaultModal for cloning existing repos or creating new ones
• Token persisted in app settings for future git operations
• SettingsPanel shows connection status with disconnect option

Settings

App-level settings persisted at ~/.config/com.laputa.app/settings.json:

interface Settings {
  anthropic_key: string | null
  openai_key: string | null
  google_key: string | null
  github_token: string | null
  github_username: string | null
  auto_pull_interval_minutes: number | null
}

Managed by useSettings hook and SettingsPanel component.